Journal: Oncotarget

Article Title: Structural composition of components of geoherb Moutan Cortex contributes to anti-diabetic nephropathy activity

doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.23771

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1: Comparison on the down-regulation of Moutan Cortex from different regions on protein expression levels of ICAM-1,TGF-β1 and FN. HBZY-1 mesangial cells were treated with 200 μg/mL AGEs in the presence or absence of Moutan Cortex (MC) extract of 200 μg/mL. Aminoguanidine of 10 μM was used as the positive control while BSA (200 μg/mL) as blank control. (A) Western blotting was performed to compare the protein expression levels. (B–D) The grayscale scan results of ICAM-1, TGF-β1 and FN. a, Control; b, 200 μg/mL AGEs; c, Positive control aminoguanidine group; “d-m” represent MC from Anhui, Guizhou, Zhejiang, Henan, Hunan, Hebei, Sichuan, Chongqing, Shandong, Gansu. Data are expressed as means ± SD, n = 3. ###P < 0.001 vs. BSA group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 vs. AGEs group; $P < 0.05, $$P < 0.01 and $$$P < 0.001 vs. MC from Anhui group.

Article Snippet: Rabbit anti-mouse FN, TGF-β1 and ICAM-1 monoclonal antibodies were offered by Boster Biological Engineering Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Comparison, Expressing, Positive Control, Control, Western Blot

Journal: Oncotarget

Article Title: Structural composition of components of geoherb Moutan Cortex contributes to anti-diabetic nephropathy activity

doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.23771

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2: Effect of Moutan Cortex from different regions on ICAM-1 and TGF-β1 protein expression levels in kidney of DN rats. After being treated with STZ and/or MC extract of 5g/kg or , immunohistochemistry was conducted to evaluate the expression levels of ICAM-1 (A) and TGF-β1 (B) of renal tissues. “a” represents normal control; “b” represents model group (DN rats); “c” represents Positive control 0.1 g/kg AG; “d-m” represent Gansu, Chongqing, Shangdong, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hunan, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan.

Article Snippet: Rabbit anti-mouse FN, TGF-β1 and ICAM-1 monoclonal antibodies were offered by Boster Biological Engineering Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemistry, Control, Positive Control

Journal: Fibrogenesis & Tissue Repair

Article Title: L 59 TGF-β LAP degradation products serve as a promising blood biomarker for liver fibrogenesis in mice

doi: 10.1186/s13069-015-0034-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Establishment of a sandwich ELISA for detecting L 59 LAP-DPs. a Schematic diagram of the ELISA for L 59 LAP-DPs. In the ELISA, L 59 LAP-DPs are first captured by coated L59 antibodies (Ab) and then sandwiched by biotin-conjugated anti-LAP antibodies (αLAP-Ab), which form a complex with strep-AP. For detection, an enzyme substrate is added and absorbance at 405 nm was measured. b , c Incubation time- and PLK concentration-dependent increases in the absorbance of the samples containing LAP incubated with PLK. The LAP (final 25 nM) was digested with 12.5 nM (open triangle), 25 nM (open reverse triangle), and 50 nM (open square) PLK, or without PLK (open circle) for 0–90 min, and then the samples were diluted by 1/50 and subjected to the L 59 LAP-DP ELISA ( b ). Also, 25 nM rhLAP was digested with 50 nM PLK (open square) or PLN (cross mark), or PLK in the presence of 5 μM camostat mesilate (open diamond) ( c ). All data were presented as mean ± SD from two different experiments ​*p-value <0.05, **p-value <0.01, ***p-value<0.001 obtained comparing to corresponding control values

Article Snippet: rhLAP β1 and anti-human LAP β1 mouse monoclonal antibodies were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Sandwich ELISA, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Incubation, Concentration Assay, Control

Journal: Fibrogenesis & Tissue Repair

Article Title: L 59 TGF-β LAP degradation products serve as a promising blood biomarker for liver fibrogenesis in mice

doi: 10.1186/s13069-015-0034-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation among L 59 LAP-DPs and active TGF-β in the culture medium, and intracellular signal transduction. a , c The ×9CAGA-Luc-transformed CCL64 cells were cultured in PLK-added CM derived from HEK293T cells overexpressing hLTGF-β1. After 6 h, the levels of active TGF-β1 and L 59 LAP-DPs were determined by respective ELISAs ( a ), and the extent of TGF-β signaling was measured by luciferase activity in CCL64 cells ( c ). b , d The scatterplots between the levels of L 59 LAP-DPs and active TGF-β shown in a ( b ) and between increases in L 59 LAP-DP levels and increases in luminescence from the values obtained compared to basal levels in the absence of PLK shown in c ( d ). A significant positive correlation was seen ( b ) * p-value <0.05, ***p-value <0.001 obtained comparing to 0

Article Snippet: rhLAP β1 and anti-human LAP β1 mouse monoclonal antibodies were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Transduction, Transformation Assay, Cell Culture, Derivative Assay, Luciferase, Activity Assay

Journal: Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University

Article Title: Human cytomegalovirus promotes the activation of TGF-β1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by MMP-2 after endothelial mesenchymal transition.

doi: 10.17219/acem/109199

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3. HCMV could induce the activation of TGF-β1 in HUVECs with EndMT

Article Snippet: Recombinant human active TGF-β1 (raTGF-β1), Quantikine human TGF-β1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and TGF-β1 blocking antibodies were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, USA); Luciferase assay kit and β-galactosidase detection kit were purchased from Promega Corp. (Madison, USA); RNeasy kit was purchased from Qiagen (Valencia, USA); RT2 First Strand Kit, SuperArray Human Extracellular Matrix PCR Array and human matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) shRNA kit were purchased from SA Biosciences (Frederick, USA); GM6001, rabbit anti-MMP-2 antibody (AB19167), rabbit anti-MT3-MMP antibody (AB853) and mouse anti-αvβ6 blocking antibody (MAB2077Z) were purchased from Merck Millipore (Billerica, USA); antiGFP antibody, AlexaFluor conjugated phalloidin and secondary antibodies, and SuperScript III kit were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, USA); Cytogam was purchased from CSL Behring (King of Prussia, USA); Nucleofector device and transfection kit V were purchased from Amaxa (Gaithersburg, USA); RT-PCR primers were purchased from Applied Biosystems (Waltham, USA); fibronectin (Hs.01549976_m1), MMP-9(Hs.00957562_m1), ADAMTS1 (Hs.00199608_m1), TGF-β1 (Hs.00932734_m1), collagen 5A1 (Hs.00609088_m1), MMP-2 (Hs.01548733_ m1), thrombospondin-1 (Hs.00170236_m1), 18S RNA (part #4333760-0904029), mouse anti-MMP-2, mouse antiTIMP-2, and rabbit anti-MT1-MMP polyclonal antisera were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK); mouse anti HCMV, IE1 and p52 monoclonal antibodies were provided by Dr. Gan (Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China).

Techniques: Activation Assay

Journal: Food Frontiers

Article Title: Apios americana Medikus: A novel and promising food for postpartum uterine involution

doi: 10.1002/fft2.138

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 1 (a) The reproductive cycle of female rats and the AM treatment during pregnancy and postpartum period. (b) Uterine index of mice in Mo (model), C (control), P (Chanfukang), L (low AM), M (medium AM), H (high AM) Uterine index (%) = uterine mass (g)/rat mass (g) × 100. (c) The initial and final body weight of female rats in different groups. (d, e) Murine uterine transverse (scale bar: 500 μm) and longitudinal section (scale bar: 1000 μm). Arrows: gland proliferation areas. The upper left corner of the thumbnail is an enlarged view of the location of the asterisk

Article Snippet: Serum concentrations of estrogen, progesterone, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and TGF-β3 were analyzed through commercially available assay kits (Elabscience Biotechnology, Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Food Frontiers

Article Title: Apios americana Medikus: A novel and promising food for postpartum uterine involution

doi: 10.1002/fft2.138

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 2 (a–c) Proinflammatory cytokines of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 in murine serum in Mo (model), C (control), P (Chanfukang), L (low AM), M (medium AM), H (high AM). (d, e) Immunoglobulins of IgA, IgG in murine serum from different groups. (f) Spleen indexes of mice in different groups. Spleen index (%) = spleen mass (g)/rat mass (g) × 100

Article Snippet: Serum concentrations of estrogen, progesterone, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and TGF-β3 were analyzed through commercially available assay kits (Elabscience Biotechnology, Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Food Frontiers

Article Title: Apios americana Medikus: A novel and promising food for postpartum uterine involution

doi: 10.1002/fft2.138

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 4 (a, b) The expression levels of TGF-β1, TGF-β3 in mice in different groups: Mo (model), C (control), P (Chanfukang), L (low AM), M (medium AM), H (high AM). (c) The ratio of TGF-β1/TGF-β3. (d) The Ki67 expression levels in different groups. Scale bar: 100 μm

Article Snippet: Serum concentrations of estrogen, progesterone, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and TGF-β3 were analyzed through commercially available assay kits (Elabscience Biotechnology, Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: Food Frontiers

Article Title: Apios americana Medikus: A novel and promising food for postpartum uterine involution

doi: 10.1002/fft2.138

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 5 (a) Pearson’s correlation analysis between samples. (b) Volcano plots of genes between H group and Mo group. It displays differential expression analysis results of genes in H group and Mo group and selects data conform to p value < 0.05 (Y axis) and change fold > 2 (X axis). (c) GO classification of genes between H group and Mo group. 1-feeding behavior, 2-parturition, 3-cellular response to interleukin-1, 4-mitotic sister chromatid segregation, 5-baroreceptor response to increased systemic, 6-response to interleukin-1, 7-negative regulation of blood pressure, 8-positive regulation of cytokinesis, 9-estrous cycle, 10-digestive tract development, 11-condensed nuclear chromosome outer kinetochore, 12-cyclin B1-CDK1 complex, 13-condensed nuclear chromosome, centromeric region, 14-condensed nuclear chromosome kinetochore, 15-condensed chromosome outer kinetochore, 16-spindle microtubule, 17-spindle, 18-mast cell granule, 19-condensed chromosome, 20-centrometic region, 21-serine-type endopeptidase activity, 22-serine-type peptidase activity, 23-serine hydrolase activity, 24-sialic acid binding, 25-spermidine synthase activity, 26-iodide transmembrane transporter activity, 27-hemi-methylated DNA-binding, 28-phospholipase activity, 29-calcium-transporting ATPase activity, 30-vitamin D biding. (d) Differential expression in KEGG pathway between H group and Mo group. X axis: different KEGG pathway involved by different genes. (e, f) mRNA levels of CD52, SerpinA3N, LCN2, MMP9, MMP7, SLC16A11, EGR1, EGR2, EGR3 in uteri

Article Snippet: Serum concentrations of estrogen, progesterone, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and TGF-β3 were analyzed through commercially available assay kits (Elabscience Biotechnology, Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Quantitative Proteomics, Activity Assay, Binding Assay, Methylation

Journal: Food Frontiers

Article Title: Apios americana Medikus: A novel and promising food for postpartum uterine involution

doi: 10.1002/fft2.138

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 6 (a) Protein levels of bands of MMP7, MMP9, MMP13, MMP14, TIMP-1, and β-actin in total uteri extracts. (b–g) The intensity of MMP7, MMP9, MMP13, MMP14, and TIMP-1, and they were corrected by β-actin

Article Snippet: Serum concentrations of estrogen, progesterone, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and TGF-β3 were analyzed through commercially available assay kits (Elabscience Biotechnology, Wuhan, China).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

Article Title: TGFβ1 Suppresses IL-33-induced Mast Cell Function

doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601983

Figure Lengend Snippet: C57BL/6J BMMC were cultured in IL-3 and SCF (10ng/mL) and pre-treated with TGFβ1 prior to IL-33 activation. Supernatants were collected 16 hours later. A) Dose response after 3 days of TGFβ1 exposure. B) Time course, using 10ng/ml TGFβ1. C) C57BL/6J BMMC were cultured with 10ng/ml TGFβ1 for 3 days prior to IL-33 stimulation for 2 hours. RT-qPCR was used to measure mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-13. D) BMMC from the indicated mouse strains were cultured for 3 days in IL-3+SCF, ±TGFβ1 (all cytokines at 10ng/ml) prior to activation with IL-33 (50ng/mL) for 16 hours. Cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. E) In-cell staining of indicated cytokines elicited by IL-33 activation (50ng/mL). BMMC from the indicated mouse strains were cultured as in 1A, and assessed by flow cytometry as described in Materials and Methods. Data shown are mean±SE, representative of at least six independent BMMC populations analyzed in triplicate. *P≤0.05, **P≤0.01, ***P≤0.001, ****P≤0.0001.

Article Snippet: Where indicated, recombinant human TGFβ1 (10 ng/ml, BioLegend) was applied for 3 days prior to Ag stimulation and recombinant human IL-33 (100 ng/ml, BioLegend) was added at the same time as Ag.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Activation Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Staining, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

Article Title: TGFβ1 Suppresses IL-33-induced Mast Cell Function

doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601983

Figure Lengend Snippet: C57BL/6J BMMC were cultured for three days in IL-3 and SCF ±TGFβ1 (all at 10ng/ml). IgE (0.5μg/ml) was added on day 2 where indicated. Cells were stimulated with 50ng/ml DNP-HSA to activate IgE (IgE XL) and IL-33 (50ng/ml) for 15 minutes in (A) or 16 hours in (B). Surface CD107a and CD63 were measured by flow cytometry. Cytokines were measured by ELISA. Data shown are from 3 (A) or 2 (B) independent BMMC populations. *P≤0.05, **P≤0.01, ***P≤0.001, ****P≤0.0001, when comparing TGFβ1-treated to control-treated samples.

Article Snippet: Where indicated, recombinant human TGFβ1 (10 ng/ml, BioLegend) was applied for 3 days prior to Ag stimulation and recombinant human IL-33 (100 ng/ml, BioLegend) was added at the same time as Ag.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Flow Cytometry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

Article Title: TGFβ1 Suppresses IL-33-induced Mast Cell Function

doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601983

Figure Lengend Snippet: C57BL/6J BMMC were cultured for three days in IL-3 and SCF ±TGFβ1 (all at 10ng/ml). (A) Cells were stained with anti-T1/ST2 and analyzed by flow cytometry. (B and C) Cells were activated with IL-33 to detect intracellular cytokine production as described in Materials and Methods. Flow cytometry was used to gate on surface T1/ST2-hi BMMC, which were also stained intracellularly with anti-TNF or anti-IL-6. (B) shows represented gating of T1/ST2-hi cells. (C) shows geometric mean fluorescent intensity of TNF or IL-6 staining among T1/ST2-hi cells. Data shown are mean gMFI±SE from (A) triplicate samples of at least 2 separate experiments or (B and C) 18 samples from 2 independent experiments. *P≤0.05, **P≤0.01, ***P≤0.001, ****P≤0.0001.

Article Snippet: Where indicated, recombinant human TGFβ1 (10 ng/ml, BioLegend) was applied for 3 days prior to Ag stimulation and recombinant human IL-33 (100 ng/ml, BioLegend) was added at the same time as Ag.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Staining, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

Article Title: TGFβ1 Suppresses IL-33-induced Mast Cell Function

doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601983

Figure Lengend Snippet: C57BL6J BMMC cultured for three days in IL-3 and SCF (10ng/ml) ±TGFβ1 (10ng/ml), were activated with IL-33 (200ng/mL) for the indicated times. Lysates were analyzed by Western blotting. Phospho-proteins were normalized to total protein levels using the Li-Cor Odyssey software Image Studio 4.0. Representative blots are shown alongside graphs depicting data from three independent BMMC populations, showing mean±SE. *P≤0.05, **P≤0.01, ***P≤0.001, ****P≤0.0001

Article Snippet: Where indicated, recombinant human TGFβ1 (10 ng/ml, BioLegend) was applied for 3 days prior to Ag stimulation and recombinant human IL-33 (100 ng/ml, BioLegend) was added at the same time as Ag.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Western Blot, Software

Journal: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

Article Title: TGFβ1 Suppresses IL-33-induced Mast Cell Function

doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601983

Figure Lengend Snippet: C57BL6J BMMC were treated +/− TGFβ1 for 24 hours, after which cells were transfected with a control renilla vector and a firefly vector that encoded the luciferase gene controlled by either AP-1 or NFκB response elements. Cells were then cultured +/− TGFβ1 for two days and activated with IL-33 (100ng/mL) for two hours. Lysates were collected and analyzed as described in Materials and Methods. Data are representative of three total BMMC populations analyzed in two independent experiments with mean±SE. *P≤0.05, **P≤0.01, ***P≤0.001, ****P≤0.0001

Article Snippet: Where indicated, recombinant human TGFβ1 (10 ng/ml, BioLegend) was applied for 3 days prior to Ag stimulation and recombinant human IL-33 (100 ng/ml, BioLegend) was added at the same time as Ag.

Techniques: Transfection, Control, Plasmid Preparation, Luciferase, Cell Culture

Journal: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

Article Title: TGFβ1 Suppresses IL-33-induced Mast Cell Function

doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601983

Figure Lengend Snippet: TGFβ1 (0.5μg) or PBS were injected intraperitoneally twice daily for 3 days and once on the fourth day prior to intraperitoneal injection of IL-33 (1μg). 4 hours after IL-33 injections, mice were euthanized and blood was collected via cardiac puncture, from which plasma was isolated. Cytokine profile was determined by ELISA. Data shown are from 5 animals per group with mean±SE, from one of two independent experiments. *P≤0.05, **P≤0.01, ***P≤0.001, ****P≤0.0001.

Article Snippet: Where indicated, recombinant human TGFβ1 (10 ng/ml, BioLegend) was applied for 3 days prior to Ag stimulation and recombinant human IL-33 (100 ng/ml, BioLegend) was added at the same time as Ag.

Techniques: Injection, Clinical Proteomics, Isolation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

Article Title: TGFβ1 Suppresses IL-33-induced Mast Cell Function

doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601983

Figure Lengend Snippet: Human skin mast cells were pretreated +/− TGFβ1 for 3 days prior to 16-hour stimulation with IL-33. In addition, IgE/Ag stimulation (IgE XL) was conducted during IL-33 stimulation where indicated. Cytokines were measured by ELISA. Each icon represents the mean of six replicate samples from an individual donor, while bars show the mean+/− SE from the set of donors (N=5). *P≤0.05, **P≤0.01, ***P≤0.001, ****P≤0.0001.

Article Snippet: Where indicated, recombinant human TGFβ1 (10 ng/ml, BioLegend) was applied for 3 days prior to Ag stimulation and recombinant human IL-33 (100 ng/ml, BioLegend) was added at the same time as Ag.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine

Article Title: Phenotype, Localization, and Mechanism of Suppression of CD4 + CD25 + Human Thymocytes

doi: 10.1084/jem.20020110

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell contact–dependent suppressive activity of CD4 + CD25 + human thymocytes is abrogated by the combined action of anti–CTLA-4 and anti-TGFβ1 mAbs. (A) CD4 + CD25 − thymocytes were stimulated with irradiated T cell–depleted allogeneic PBMNCs in the lower chamber of a transwell plate in the absence or presence of CD4 + CD25 + thymocytes, placed in the same or in the top chamber. On day 5, cells present in the bottom chamber were harvested and their proliferation assessed by measuring 3 [H]TdR uptake. (B) CD4 + CD25 − thymocytes were stimulated with allogeneic irradiated T cell–depleted PBMNCs in the presence of different numbers of autologous purified CD4 + CD25 + thymocytes without (black columns) or with isotype control (IgG1+IgG2a) (gray columns), anti-CTLA-4 (hatched columns), or anti–TGF-β1 mAb (dotted columns), or mixtures of them (white columns). Cell proliferation was measured by assessment of 3 [H]TdR uptake. Mean values (±SD) obtained in four separate experiments are reported.

Article Snippet: The PE-conjugated anti-TNFR2 (22235.311, mouse IgG2a), the purified anti–TGF-β1 (9016.2, mouse IgG1) neutralizing mAb, TGF-βR2 (goat IgG) neutralizing Ab, and biotin-conjugated anti–TGF-β1 (chicken IgY) and anti-LAP (TGF-β1) (goat IgG) Abs were purchased from R&D Systems.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Irradiation, Purification, Control

Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine

Article Title: Phenotype, Localization, and Mechanism of Suppression of CD4 + CD25 + Human Thymocytes

doi: 10.1084/jem.20020110

Figure Lengend Snippet: CTLA-4 and TGF-β1–mediated suppression is due to the inhibition of IL-2R α-chain expression and is overcome by IL-15. (A) CFSE-labeled CD4 + CD25 − thymocytes were stimulated with irradiated allogeneic PB non-T cells in absence or presence of autologous CD4 + CD25 + thymocytes with anti–CTLA-4, anti–TGF-β1, anti–CTLA-4 plus anti–TGF-β1 or isotype-matched (IgG1 plus IgG2a) mAbs, and assessed by flow cytometry for proliferation and surface CD25 expression. One representative of three separate experiments is shown. (B) CD25 (left) and CD69 (right) expression by CD4 + CD25 − thymocytes cultured under the experimental conditions mentioned in (A). CD4 + CD25 − thymocytes without mAb added (black columns), or containing isotype control (gray columns), anti–TGF-β1 (dotted columns), anti–CTLA-4 (hatched columns), or anti–CTLA-4 plus anti–TGF-β1 (white columns) mAbs. Columns represent mean values (±SD) found in three separate experiments. (C) Effect of the addition of exogenous IL-2 or IL-15 on the proliferative response of CD4 + CD25 − thymocytes stimulated with irradiated allogeneic non-T cells in absence or presence of CD4 + CD25 + autologous thymocytes. Columns represent mean values (±SD) obtained in three separate experiments.

Article Snippet: The PE-conjugated anti-TNFR2 (22235.311, mouse IgG2a), the purified anti–TGF-β1 (9016.2, mouse IgG1) neutralizing mAb, TGF-βR2 (goat IgG) neutralizing Ab, and biotin-conjugated anti–TGF-β1 (chicken IgY) and anti-LAP (TGF-β1) (goat IgG) Abs were purchased from R&D Systems.

Techniques: Inhibition, Expressing, Labeling, Irradiation, Flow Cytometry, Cell Culture, Control